Bibliografia

  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: ST and T wave changes. UpToDate, última actualização Junho de 2022
  • Prineas R, et al. The Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings. Littleton, Mass: John Wright-PSG Inc; 1982
  • Golderbg L, et al. Goldberg’s Clinical Electrocardiography A Simplified Approach. Elsevier Inc. 2018
  • Kumar A, et al. Prevalence, prognosis, and implications of isolated minor nonspecific ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities in older adults: Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation 2008; 16;118(25):2790-6
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-16781677-1678
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Chamber enlargement and hypertrophy. UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Harrigan R, et al. Conditions affecting the right side of the heart. BMJ 2002; 18; 324(7347): 1201–1204
  • Waligóra M, et al. Right atrium enlargement predicts clinically significant supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart Lung 2018; 47(3):237-242
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-16781677-1678
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Chamber enlargement and hypertrophy. UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Kamel H, et al. Electrocardiographic Left Atrial Abnormality and Risk of Stroke: Northern Manhattan Study. Stroke 2015; 46(11):3208-12
  • Sauer W, et al. Normal sinus rhythm and sinus arrhythmia.  UpToDate, útlima actualização Ago 2022
  • Hebbar A, et al. Management of common arrhythmias: Part I. Supraventricular arrhythmias. Am Fam Physician, 2002; 15;65(12):2479-86
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1728
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1728
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1728
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1728
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Surawicz B, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009. 17;53(11):976-81
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1679
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Tan N, et al. Left Bundle Branch Block. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008239
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1679
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  •  Surawicz B, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009. 17;53(11):976-81
  •  Sauer W, et al. Left anterior fascicular block. UpToDate, última actualização em Ago 2022
  •  Elizari M. Hemiblocks Revisited. Circulation 2007; 6;115(9):1154-63
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Chamber enlargement and hypertrophy. UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Seko Y, et al. Clinical impact of left and right axis deviations with narrow QRS complex on 3-year outcomes in a hospital-based population in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 26;11(1):8892
  • Surawicz B, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009. 17;53(11):976-81
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-1678
  • Seko Y, et al. Clinical impact of left and right axis deviations with narrow QRS complex on 3-year outcomes in a hospital-based population in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 26;11(1):8892
  • Surawicz B, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009. 17;53(11):976-81
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-1678
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Basic principles of ECG analysis. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. cGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1724
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; ;142:e214–e233
  • Gelder I, et al. Atrial fibrillation 2. Rate control in atrial fibrillation. Lancet; 2016. 388: 818–28
  • Arnar D, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart RhythmSociety (LAHRS). Europace; 2019 Mar 18;21(6):844–845
  • Podrid P, et al. Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome and enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction. UpToDate, última actualização em Maio 2022
  • Page R, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia. Cicrulation 2016; 133:e506-e574
  • Manolis A, et al. Supraventricular premature beats. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Gorenek B, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). EP Europace 2018; Vol 20, 6, pg 895–896
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Ventricular arrhythmias.  UpToDate, última actualização em Out 22
  • Marcus G, et al. Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes. Circulation 2020; 141(17):1404-1418
  • Manolis A, et al. Premature ventricular complexes: Clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1755 – 1757
  • Gorenek B, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). EP Europace 2018; Vol 20, 6, pg 895–896
  • Al-Khatib, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 2018; 138:e272–e391
  • Corrado D, et al. How to evaluate premature ventricular beats in the athlete: critical review and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54(19): 1142–1148
  • Brunetti G, et al. Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Athletes with Premature Ventricular Beats. J Clin Med 2022; 11(2): 426
  • Muser D, et al. Risk Stratification of Patients With Apparently Idiopathic Premature Ventricular Contractions: A Multicenter International CMR Registry. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2020; 6(6):722-735
  • Kumar K, et al. Overview of atrial fibrillation.  UpToDate, última actualização em Maio 2022
  • Olshansky B, et al. The electrocardiogram in atrial fibrillation.  UpToDate, última actualização em Set 2021
  • Gregory F, et al. Atrial Fibrillation. NEJM 2021; 384:353-361
  • Spragg D. Epidemiology of and risk factors for atrial fibrillation. UpToDate, última actualização em Jan 2022
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; ;142:e214–e233
  • Gerhard H, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J 2020; 42, 373-498
  • Gelder I, et al. Atrial fibrillation 2. Rate control in atrial fibrillation. Lancet; 2016. 388: 818–28
  • Knight B, et al. Control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation: Pharmacologic therapy. UpToDate, última actualização em Jul 2022
  • Piccini J, et al. Rhythm control in atrial fibrillation. Lancet 2016; 388: 829–40
  • Kumar K, et al. Rhythm control versus rate control in atrial fibrillation. UpToDate, última actualização Jun 2022
  • Kirchhof P, et al. Early Rhythm-Control Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1305-1316
  • Mark S, et al. Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1438-48
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Phang R, et al. Overview of atrial flutter. UpToDate; última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Chamber enlargement and hypertrophy.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-1678
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Chamber enlargement and hypertrophy.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-1678
  • Steve O, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2020; 142:e558–e63
  • Perry E, et al. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2014; 35, 2733–2779
  • Maron M, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation. UpToDate, última actualização em Ag 2020
  • Sharma S, et al. International recommendations for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes. Eur Heart J 2018; 39, 1466–1480
  • Jean-Philipe C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2021; 7;42(14):1289-1367
  • Hanna E, et al. ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion: Classification, differential diagnosis, and caveats. Cleve Clin J Med 2011;78(6):404-14
  • Pollehn T, et al. The electrocardiographic differential diagnosis of ST segment depression. Emerg Med J 2002;19(2):129-35
  • SRautaharju p, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 17;53(11):982-91
  • Kristian T. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019; 40, 237–269
  • Chareonthaitawee P, et al. Exercise ECG testing: Performing the test and interpreting the ECG results. UpToDate, última actualização em Janeiro 2020
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Basic principles of ECG analysis. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Pentti R, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009; 119:e241-e250
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677-1683
  • Hanna E, et al. ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion: Classification, differential diagnosis, and caveats. Cleve Clin J Med 2011;78(6):404-14
  • Jean-Philippe, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: supplementary data. Eur Heart J 2020; 00, 1-35
  • Kristian T. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019; 40, 237–26
  • Mount D, et al. Clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia in adults.  UpToDate, última actualização em Nov 2021
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 306
  • Goldberg A, et al. Electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and infarction. UpToDate, última actualização em Mar 2022
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Basic principles of ECG analysis. UpToDate; última actualização Abril 2022
  • Kristian T, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019; 40, 237-269
  • Goldberg A, et al. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Q waves on the electrocardiogram. UpToDate, última actualização em Jan 2021
  • Thygesen K, et al. Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2007; 116(22):2634-53
  • Delewi R, et al. Pathological Q waves in myocardial infarction in patients treated by primary PCI. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6(3):324-31
  • Rautaharju p, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 17;53(11):982-91
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Basic principles of ECG analysis. UpToDate; última actualização Abril 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677
  • Golderbg L, et al. Goldberg’s Clinical Electrocardiography A Simplified Approach. Elsevier Inc. 2018
  • Pentti R, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009; 119:e241-e250
  • Narayan S, et al. T wave (repolarization) alternans: Overview of technical aspects and clinical applications. UpToDate, última actualização em Jul 2022
  • Pentti R, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009; 119:e241-e250
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: ST and T wave changes.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: Basic principles of ECG analysis. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Riera A, et al. The enigmatic sixth wave of the electrocardiogram: the U wave. Cardiol J 2008; 15(5):408-21
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1677
  • Jean-Philippe, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: supplementary data. Eur Heart J 2020; 00, 1-35
  • Mount D, et al. Clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia in adults. UpToDate, última actualização em Nov 2021
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: ST and T wave changes.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 310, 1680-1681
  • Nable J, et al. The evolution of electrocardiographic changes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med 2009; (6):734-46
  • Goldberg A, et al. Electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and infarction. UpToDate, última actualização em Mar 2022
  • Hanna E, et al. ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion: Classification, differential diagnosis, and caveats. Cleve Clin J Med 2011;78(6):404-14
  • Pentti R, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part IV: The ST Segment, T and U Waves, and the QT Interval. Circulation 2009; 119:e241-e250
  • Somer M, et al. The prominent T wave: electrocardiographic differential diagnosis. Am J Emerg Med 2002; May;20(3):243-51
  • Mount D, et al. Clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia in adults. UpToDate, última actualização em Mar 2022
  • Michael G, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J 2021; 42, 3427-3520
  • Kusumoto F, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation, 2019; 140:e382–e482
  • Kadish A. ACC/AHA clinical competence statement on electrocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography. A report of the ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM Task Force on Clinical Competence (ACC/AHA Committee to Develop a Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography). J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38(7):2091-100
  • Low T. ECGs with small QRS voltages. Singapore Med J 2012; 53(5):299-303
  • Madias J. Low QRS voltage and its causes. J Electrocardiol 2008; 41(6):498-500
  • Usoro A. Risk of Mortality in Individuals With Low QRS Voltage and Free of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113(9):1514-7
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38(7):2091-100
  • Kadish A. ACC/AHA clinical competence statement on electrocardiography and ambulatory electrocardiography. A report of the ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM Task Force on Clinical Competence (ACC/AHA Committee to Develop a Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography). McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1760-1761
  • Antzelevitch C, et al. Short QT syndrome.  UpToDate, última actualização em Maio 2022
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; ;142:e214–e233
  • Sana M, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 2018; 138:e272–e391
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1760-1762
  • Sana M, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 2018; 138:e272–e391
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Kristen P, et al. Electrocardiographic Early Repolarization A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.  Circulation 2016;133:1520-1529
  • Krahn A, et al. Early repolarization. UpToDate, última actualização em Maio 2022
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1681
  • Prutkin J, et al. ECG tutorial: ST and T wave changes.  UpToDate, última actualização em Jun 2022
  • Wang K et al. ST-Segment Elevation in Conditions Other Than Acute Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 27;349(22):2128-35
  • Prutkin et al. ECG tutorial: Myocardial ischemia and infarction. UpToDate, última actualização a 08 de Junho de 2022
  • Kristian T. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019; 40, 237–269
  • Ibanez et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2018; 7;39(2):119-177
  • Hanna E, et al. ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion: Classification, differential diagnosis, and caveats. Cleve Clin J Med 2011;78(6):404-14
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1736
  • Richard L, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2016; 133(14):e471-505
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.  Circulation 2020; 142:e214–e233
  • Kistler P, et al. Focal atrial tachycardia. UpToDate, última actualização em Jun, 2022
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Mark S, et al. Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1438-48.
  • Richard L, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2016; 133(14):e471-505
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.  Circulation 2020; 142:e214–e233
  • Buxton A, et al. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. UpToDate, última actualização em Fev 2022
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Biase L, et al. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) associated with an accessory pathway. UpToDate, última actualização em Ago 2022
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 173
  • Knight B, e colabs. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Mark S, et al. Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1438-48
  • Macfarlane et al. Comprehensive Electrocardiology. Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011; Pg 1291-1338
  • Kusumoto F. Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia. BMJ Best Practice; última actualização 03 Jan 2020
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; ;142:e214–e233
  • Gorenek B, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). EP Europace 2018; Vol 20, 6, pg 895–896
  • Al-Khatib, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 2018; 138:e272–e391
  • Katritsis D. Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 13;60(20):1993-2004
  • Macfarlane et al. Comprehensive Electrocardiology. Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011; Pg 1291-1338
  • Iwai S. Sustained Ventricular Tachycardias. BMJ Best Practice; última actualização 13 Out 2019
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; 00, 1–130
  • Tisdale J, et al. Drug-Induced Arrhythmias: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; ;142:e214–e233
  • Gorenek B, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). EP Europace 2018; Vol 20, 6, pg 895–896
  • Al-Khatib, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation 2018; 138:e272–e391
  • Jameson J, et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw-Hill Education; 20th Ed. Pg 1758
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Mark S, et al. Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1438-48
  • Whinnett Z, et al. Diagnosis and management of supraventricular tachycardia. BMJ 2012;345:e7769
  • Kotadia D, et al. Supraventricular tachycardia: An overview of diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond) 2020; 20(1):43-47
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Mark S, et al. Evaluation and Initial Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardia. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1438-48
  • Page R, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia. Circulation 2016; 133:e506-e574
  • Josep B, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J 2020; 41, 655-720
  • Biase L, et al. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: Anatomy, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. UpToDate, última actualização em Abr 2022
  • Arnar D, et al. Management of asymptomatic arrhythmias: a European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document, endorsed by the Heart Failure Association (HFA), Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), Cardiac Arrhythmia Society of Southern Africa (CASSA), and Latin America Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS). Europace; 2019 Mar 18;21(6):844–845
  • Zeppenfeld K, et al. 2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Eur Heart J 2022; ehac262